You can add a few more to the list and probably a bunch we haven't thought of;
inlay
collapsable baskets
portrait
I think the project itself determines the thickness of wood, although there probably are some general guidelines that would apply. For example, puzzles are generally thin material, but don't have to be. Compound cutting, by its nature, would utilize thicker material. Fretwork probably would tend to use material 1/2" or less. Intarsia and segmentation, since there is a lot of post-cutting shaping to be done would tend to use thicker material. It all depends on the pattern and the appearance one is going for. That's the great thing about scrolling, there is a lot of room for adaptation to personal tastes.
The techniques are as basic as following the lines. Just about all scrolling can be boiled down to that. However each particular scrolling disclipline has it's own set of generally accepted practices.
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